Dental tartar control

In dentistry, calculus or tartar refers to hardened plaque on the teeth, formed by the presence of saliva, debris, and minerals. Its rough surface provides an ideal medium for bacterial growth, threatening the health of the gums and absorbing unaesthetic stains far more easily than natural teeth.

Tartar accumulates in the absence of proper oral care. Once formed, it should be removed by professional cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist. While scratching with a fingernail can remove the tartar, it is unexact, may damage the enamel, may cause bacterial infection (as fingernails are rarely sterile), and generally can only remove the tartar on the front side of the middle upper and lower teeth. Dentists are more able to find it due to using mirrors, direct sight and having experience, and have specialized instruments to remove it.

Tartar causes swelling, bleeding and weakening of gums, and can lead to gum recession. Calculus can even extend into pockets created between the tooth and gums.

Tartar comes in two forms. Supragingival (outside the gums) tartar is the visible deposit that forms on the top of the teeth. Subgingival (inside the gums) tartar forms in pockets between teeth and gums. Subgingival tartar is more harmful as it facilitates faster growth of bacteria.

The best way to prevent the build up of calculus is through twice daily toothbrushing and flossing and cleaning visits based on a schedule recommended by your dental health care provider. When it accumulates excessively, natural tooth structure may become hidden by it.